The significance of sustainability of grain production in the consumer basket

. This scientific article reveals the importance of ensuring the stability of grain production in the consumer basket and the activities of grain processing enterprises, the dynamics of wheat production in agricultural holdings of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the years 2000-2022 and the quality of grain. grain products are discussed theoretically and experimentally, research and analysis of research results are conducted. Conservation and stability of all cultivated cereal crops and their intended use is one of the main challenges facing the national economy today, as a result of which the whole world is threatened by food shortages. Because of the international situation, disruptions in global production chains and logistical problems, many countries impose export restrictions on food commodities, so the role and importance of the agricultural sector in ensuring food security for the global population is increasing day by day. Wheat, in particular, is one of the most common cereal crops. Wheat bread is highly valued for its taste, nutritional value and digestibility, so it is still a staple in the consumer basket. The urgent issue is to ensure the stability of grain production in our country through the rational use of the available resources and capacities, guaranteed supply of the population with agricultural products, to further increase productivity and interest, introduction of the achievements of science and modern approaches in the sphere.


Introduction
Although sufficient attention has been paid to the study of agricultural production processes and various aspects of the welfare of the population in the economy, these problems still remain debatable.Since the first years of independence, Uzbekistan has been developing comprehensive measures to fully meet the needs of the population of our country for grain and cereal products, to achieve grain independence and to ensure its stability.
Wheat is one of the most common cereal crops.Wheat bread is highly valued for its taste, nutritional value and digestibility.The protein content of wheat grain ranges from 11.0% to 18-19% depending on its variety and sowing conditions.Protein digestibility of wheat bread is 95%.Wheat grains are also used to make cereals, and wheat flour is used in the pasta and confectionery industries.The quality of wheat grain, i.e. the amount of protein and gluten in it, varies depending on the variety of wheat and the soil and climatic conditions of the region where it is grown.Alcohol, starch, gluten, dextrin, glue and various other products are obtained from wheat grains in technology.More than half of the world's population eats wheat bread.Wheat bread is high in protein and starch, and its protein component consists mainly of gluten, which is why it is used to bake quality bread.
In the Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 "...intensive methods of agricultural production adapted to local soil and climatic and environmental conditions special attention was paid to the creation of new breeding varieties of crops, introduction of modern agricultural technologies on grain fields, especially to the development of grain production" [1].According to international statistics, the total volume of wheat products produced in the countries of the world is 772 million tons.The top ten wheat growing countries are China, India, Russia, USA, France, Canada, Pakistan, Ukraine, Australia and Germany.Grain yields were above c/ha and total yields were 6.5-7.8 million tonnes.

Materials and methods
Economists and experts have expressed their views and opinions on the need for stable grain production and its beneficial aspects in their studies and at international conferences.They showed the experience of increasing the production of grain products by natural and intensive way, the role of grain products in the economy of the country and their positive aspects according to the existing conditions of their time.
Atabaeva Kh.N., Khudaykulov J.B. Wheat is considered as one of the most common main cereal crops.More than half of the people in the world eat wheat bread.Wheat bread is high in protein and starch, and since protein molecules are mainly found in gluten, its flour is used to bake quality bread.Wheat bread is highly valued for its taste, nutritional value and digestibility.The protein content of wheat grain ranges from 11.0% to 18-19% depending on its variety and the time of sowing.[2] З. M. Ilyina suggests using the following approaches to analyze the sustainability of the food market in agriculture [3]: static (determining the boundaries of market development); dynamic (studying the vibration of a number of dynamics); adaptive (factor assessment of the degree of food system adaptation to changing external conditions).
In our article on "Analysis of trade situation of agricultural products of Commodity Exchange of the Republic of Uzbekistan" we analyzed a number of economic indicators and analyzed sustainable development of food system, in particular, the work of exchange mechanism in trade of grain products in agriculture with stability of grain we found a direct relationship [4].
In the works of foreign scientists in the field of agriculture: E. F. Zavorotin [5, p. 300], V. Z. Mazloev [6,p. 15] "Consumer basket" and related concepts are used as an economic term by a number of foreign and Uzbek scholars.Among them, L. Lozovsky, B. Ryzberg, E. Starodubtseva, "consumer basket" is a calculated set of goods that characterizes the usual level and structure of monthly (annual) consumption of a person or family.It is used to calculate a minimum consumption budget (per capita) based on the value of the consumer basket in current prices.It is argued that it is determined taking into account the demographic and national composition of different social and other strata of the population, as well as their territorial location [7].
Study of existing scientific research on the creation of prospects for the sustainability of grain production, comparative comparison of tariff-price formation, study of statistical data and economic comparison and analysis, logical thinking, scientific abstraction, methods of analysis and synthesis of information, grouping are widely used definition of relative and harmonic averages.

Result and discussion
The 2020-2030 Strategy for Agricultural Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan defines an increase in the average cereal yield to 70 centners/ha by 2025 and to 75 centners/ha by 2030.[8].In this regard, application of intensive agricultural technologies in cultivation of winter wheat varieties with high productivity, efficient use of irrigated lands along with increase of grain yield, improvement of technological indicators of grain quality are among the most urgent tasks.Placing of sorts doy taking into account their biological characteristics, preparation of land and seeds for planting, method of planting, norms and terms, fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers, watering, weed, disease and pest control, to implement innovative technologies to ensure efficient use of water and land resources, and to increase grain productivity of winter wheat it is necessary to select correctly sorts, sow with selected quality seeds.In addition, a set of new agro-technological measures applied to new promising varieties, based on the natural conditions of the area and recommended to bread producers, will be developed, which will be highly effective in the near future [9].
The study of scientific works by domestic and foreign scholars on the nature of the "consumer basket" confirms that this concept is complex and multifaceted.The quantity and quantity of goods included in the "consumer basket" must meet the above requirements.For example, each person capable of work consumes 126.5 kg of bread (flour, semolina, pasta and pulses), 100.4 kg of potatoes, 114.6 kg of vegetables and fruit, 60 kg of various fruits, 23.8 kg of sugar and confectionery, 58.6 kg of meat and meat products, 18.5 kg of fish, 290 kg of milk and dairy products, 201 kg of eggs, 11 kg of butter and oil products and 4.9 kg of salt, tea and spices.consumption is determined.It is also stipulated that the price of non-food products and services should be equal to 50 per cent of the price of food for all sections of the population.[1] https://xs.uz/uz/post/istemol-savatchasi compiled by the author on the basis of data.In Uzbekistan only consumer goods other than services Therefore, the existence of multilateral linkages between grain production and the sectors of the economy allows us to emphasise that stable grain production is the basis for ensuring the stability of all agricultural production and the commodity market.Sustainable grain production has considerable potential for the development of a large part of a country's economic system.
It should be noted that at present there is unstable activity in the grain industry, in connection with which the solution of this problem is connected with the management of production and economic potential of agrarians and creation of effective means of their rational use, optimization of their main and auxiliary activities.At that, the agricultural production capabilities are formed under the influence of technological features of cultivation, including grain crops and use of various resources: natural, material, labor.
In conditions of limited resources, their rational use, as well as their optimal ratio is an important factor in reducing the cost of production and building business processes.Excessive consumption or under-utilization of production resources leads to a decrease in the efficiency of agricultural producers, which is further expressed in the inability to expand production and stagnation of the grain industry.Therefore, in the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers the issues of some aspects of economic efficiency and sustainability of grain farming were considered.At the same time, the issues of definition of scientific category "Sustainability of grain production", peculiarities of structure of productioneconomic potential of grain production, cycles of economic development of grain production, influence of changing weather and climate conditions have been considered The development of climatic conditions and long-term scenarios of provision of sustainability of grain production remain understudied, at the same time the rapidly changing economic and technological conditions of agriculture, instability of grain production require Economic growth in the grain industry is expressed by growth in gross output of grain, both in physical terms and per capita, which is stable in dynamics [10].
Given the unique characteristics of the industry, the growth of this indicator should be a trend and not the only dominant indicator of productivity growth due to favourable conditions.
Today, our republic will produce a total of 2 550 000 tons of wheat in the 2022 harvest, an average of 2.5 tons per hectare of irrigated area.
-A total of 1,783,500 tonnes of marketable wheat as a state resource and 266,500 tonnes for seed will be purchased from the State Agricultural Support Fund; -500,000 tonnes will be accepted by farms and other grain producers for temporary storage by the Fund's commercial representative for subsequent sale on exchanges.
Wheat from the 2022 crop received from wheat producers for temporary storage from the commercial representative will be sold in July-August 2022 through the exchanges.Grain products are divided into 2 types: 1. Cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rice) 2. Millet (sorghum, maize, beans, etc.) [11] It would also be no exaggeration to say that our neighbouring Republic of Kazakhstan has found its place in Central Asia, as well as in the world market, in sowing and selling grain products.We know that Kazakhstan is a neighboring country to us, but why haven't we heard of the brand Uzbek wheat or Uzbek grain today?Because farmers themselves have the right to plant and sell their grain when planting and purchasing grain, delivery of grain products is important.In this connection, in order to provide population with wheat and flour products, in 2022 the Republic will sow 1 million 27 thousand hectares of land with wheat.This figure is 1 million tonnes more than in the previous year, we can see that the efficiency of doy-product production is increasing.The periods of economic development of grain production have been determined, characteristics and duration of corresponding phases of growth and decline have been specified, and parameters of harmonic wave of grain production have been determined.

Conclusion
Grain is one of the most common cereal crops.The multifaceted linkages between cereal production and economic sectors underline that sustainable cereal production is the basis for the stability of all agricultural production and the commodity market.Sustainable grain production has considerable potential for the development of a large part of a country's economic system.More than half of the world's population uses wheat bread for food, and this product is at the top of the 'consumer basket'.Therefore, in an economic situation where the share of demand for bread and bakery products is increasing, ensuring the stability of grain production is very important for the food security of the country.
What should be done for this purpose?-Expanding the list of traded grain products, -It is necessary to introduce new trading instruments to ensure the dynamics of exchange trade.
Of course, this demand also requires sufficient supply: To ensure the sustainability of grain production, I recommend the following additional suggestions.
-increasing the number of mills, -to exchange experiences on the methodology of grain production areas, -to increase the area and the yield in the area of grain cultivation, -to cover the cost of supplying flour and flour products to remote villages, to create a system to cover transport costs, -Avoid shortages by importing flour products from other regions of the country, -Ensure price stability.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Analysis of wheat production in agricultural holdings in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2000-2022 (thousand tons) [2] STAT.uz compiled by the author on the basis of data.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Parameters of harmonic wave of wheat production in agricultural holdings of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2000-2022 (thousand tons) [3] STAT.uz compiled by the author on the basis of data.

Table 1 .
Number and quantity of goods to be included in the 'Consumer Basket'.